A common oral health issue, periodontal (gum) disease is an inflammation that destroys the tissues and bones that support your teeth. The most common symptom is gums that are red and swollen or bleed easily, especially when brushing or flossing. Untreated, this inflammatory reaction progresses to more severe stages. Studies have shown a correlation between periodontitis and other chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.

The bacteria in dental plaque attack the tissue around your gumline. The toxins produced by these bacteria inflame and kill the tissues around your teeth. With a lack of proper oral hygiene, the biofilm spreads underneath your gums and into your bones. As the bacteria continue to attack, your gums start to recede or pull away from your teeth creating pockets that trap food and plaque. This leads to further inflammation and more destruction of the tissues and bones that hold your teeth in place. The result is that your teeth become loose and may fall out.

Periodontal Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease and can be reversed with professional treatment and good at-home oral care. Your dentist may recommend a special mouth rinse to reduce the amount of bacteria.

periodontal disease can lead to more advanced periodontitis if not treated. A periodontist is a specialist in the field of treating gum disease and other oral problems. He or she will take a deeper look at your gums, checking for signs of infection and evaluating the condition of the bones that hold your teeth in place. They will also take new X-rays to evaluate the extent of the damage.